Mexican Duck

When I arranged to visit southeastern Arizona I told my guide, Jake Thompson, that I wanted to see a Mexican duck. He arranged for a short visit to Patagonia Lake to see that one species. He parked the car, walked down a little path to the lake and pointed them out immediately. Very quick and easy. Birds of the World notes that it is the "least known and most misunderstood of all North American waterfowl...It...is the only North American puddle duck to have been listed as an endangered species...[and] its overall population size may be among the smallest of any North American waterfowl." It is well named as about 98% of the total population are found in Mexico. It does interbreed with the Mallard and the first one we saw had a whitish head that Jake said was likely a Mallard/Mexican duck mix. 

She was quite handsome and I liked her better than the pure Mexican ducks. 

It is mainly brown with a blue speculum edged with white. The male has a brighter yellow bill than the female. 

There are concerns that it may ultimately disappear because of hybridizing with mallards. It was listed as an endangered species in the U.S. for about 11 years, but was removed in 1978. They can be tricky to distinguish from mallards. The male mallard has a bright green head and dark chest. Both sexes of the Mexican duck have dark, mottled-brown color with a buff-colored head and neck. The male Mexican duck has a solid, bright yellow-olive bill. The female mallard has a mottled orange and black bill. Mexican ducks lack the white-bordered tail feathers and curled black feathers on the tail that male mallards have. 

Unlike the other species I've looked at so far, it ranges further north in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and into west Texas. 

Violet-Crowned Hummingbird

The more I learn about the birds I recently saw in southeastern Arizona the more I begin to appreciate what an amazing place it is. The violet-crowned hummingbird is another bird species that is mostly a Mexican and Central American bird with a small overlap in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. It is readily identifiable because of its white underparts, a red bill and a violet-blue crown. It is considered migratory, but increasing numbers are staying in Arizona year-round. I saw my first one up Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains at the hummingbird feeders at Madera Kuba B&B. I later saw several of them at the Paton Center for Hummingbirds in Patagonia. 

In Madera Canyon at Kuba B&B. 

I saw several at the Paton Hummingbird Center and this is probably my best photo. 

This photo best captures the violet-blue crown. 

An old timer in Patagonia told me that he had been watching them for four or five hours that day. There had been four. One we saw was just a youngster and had hardly any violet-blue on its crown. He said the nest was behind the feeder high up in a tree, but it is so full of foliage that the nest can't be seen. 

There are two subspecies. I saw ssp. ellioti which is found in small portions of Arizona and New Mexico south to northweestern and central Mexico (to central Michoacan and Hidalgo). 

Range from Birds of the World. 

Buff-Collared Nightjar

Toward the end of May I was in southeastern Arizona with a guide, Jake Thompson, who works for Arizona Bird Guides. I signed up for an evening of owling and we headed up Box Canyon, on the edge of the Santa Rita Mountains, at what they refer to as the first bridge, a steel and cement bridge over a large ravine. As with so many birds we were looking for, the buff-collared nightjar is a Mexican and Central American species that is only sparsely found in the U.S. in southeastern Arizona. In fact, it has been found at fewer than 20 locations in the U.S. Birds of the World notes, "Because of its nocturnal habits and limited distribution in the United States, the "Buff-jar," as this bird is known colloquially, is a difficult species to see or study there. In recent years, a short stretch of McCleary Wash (usually referred to as Florida Wash by birders) below Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of southeastern Arizona has been the mecca for birders seeking this species in the United States. Other than at this one heavily visited location, encounters with Buff-collared Nightjar in the United States are very infrequent." Well, that last quote describes my situation exactly. My optimism for a photograph, was misplaced, as evening shadows turned to pitch black night (I'd previously seen a jungle nightjar (December 15, 2025 post) in India and a lyre-tailed nightjar (May 9, 2022 post) in Ecuador). A group of about 10 or 15 people were there, all looking for the same thing. Jake is phenomenal at knowing bird calls and we separated from the group and walked back down the road toward our vehicle when he heard its call zooming past us up the canyon. We walked back to the group and periodically heard it again. At the end of our evening, it made its presence known, up-canyon, and Jake put his heavy-duty flashlight on it and we got its eye-shine staring back at us. We called it a night and headed back to the car. No photos of this bird for me, but I now am one of the people that has visited the buff-jar mecca and heard it and saw its eye-shine. 

Illustration of a female from Birds of the World. 

Illustration of a male from Birds of the World. 

Range from Birds of the World. 

Yellow-Eyed Junco

Before leaving for southeastern Arizona, one of the birds I really wanted to see was the yellow-eyed junco. Those yellow eyes really jump out from what is otherwise a fairly unremarkable bird. I was walking with my guide, Jake Thompson, in Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains. We'd been on a trail as high as we were going to go at the end of the canyon and had started back. Jake spotted the junco and I twisted myself in knots trying to get a photo of it. The junco went from the ground, where it had a nest, up into a tree, then into another tree, and another, then back to the ground, to the nest, then back up into a tree. A couple of other nearby birders, friends of Jake, laughed at my contortions. Referring to my moves, one of the birders remarked that that was the reason he left his camera at home. Ultimately it landed on the ground quite close to me and I rattled off a bunch of photos. That time it was on the ground, so close to me, those yellow eyes staring back at me like the Turkish evil eye (albeit it the wrong color), were intoxicating. As I finished the photography, Jake and I talked about those eyes for awhile as we walked down the trail. 

This photo particularly jumps out at me. That eye, centered in the middle, dominates the photo. 

Note that it is collecting materials for its nest. 

There are four subspecies in three morphologically distinct subspecies groups. I saw ssp. palliatus, referred to as the Mexican junco. It is found from southeastern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico south to northern Jalisco east through Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi and southwestern Tamaulipas. The head is ash gray, the mantle deep chestnut, the rump gray, the belly and flanks white and the outermost rectrix white. The other subspecies groups are the Chiapas junco and Guatemala junco. It primarily inhabits pine and pine-oak forest and also scrublands and brushy pastures and fields in the upper subtropical and temperate zones. One 2006 field guide notes that it is found from 4,100 to 11,500 feet in elevation and a 2020 publication says it is mostly found above 6,600 feet in elevation. That is probably about where we were when we saw it. 

Illustration from Birds of the World. 

Range from Birds of the World. Note that this junco, like so many other southeastern Arizona birds, is basically a Mexican and Central American bird, with a slight blip into southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. 

Lucifer Hummingbird

On my recent trip to southeastern Arizona my guide Jake Thompson scheduled time at Ash Canyon Bird Sanctuary, in Hereford,  south of Sierra Vista and near the base of the Huachuca Mountains, primarily for the purpose of seeing a lucifer hummingbird, because that is a place that has been regularly seeing them. I was not disappointed as a female came to the hummingbird feeders first, then was later followed by a male. It is also known as the lucifer sheartail. 

Illustration of a female from Birds of the World.

The males really pop out. 

Illustration of a male from Birds of the World.

Range from Birds of the World. It primarily breeds on the arid plateaus and mountain slopes of central and northern Mexico, entering the U.S. in west Texas, southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico. 

Rivoli Hummingbird

Toward the end of May I spent three days in southeastern Arizona on a birding trip. That area is a birding hotspot and I encountered lots of hummingbird feeders. One of the birds I came to love was the Rivoli hummingbird. I first encountered it at the hummingbird feeders at Santa Rita Lodge in Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains. For quite a while I was watching it without realizing what it was. 

This is what it looked like at the feeders. This photo has not been cropped or worked on in Lightroom. A very black head with spider man eyes and long black sword bill. I was looking for a hummingbird with a purple crown and green throat. 

This may or may not be the same photo, but it is cropped and lightened in Lightroom. A pretty amazing change. 

Then get it in better light and watch out - it is eye poppingly gorgeous. 

The adult male is bronze-green on the back and the head is black apart from a white spot behind the eye. The chest is bronze green and the belly is grayish. The female is bronze-green on the back, a dull gray in front and a white stripe behind the eye. 

The female is not as beautiful, but is very striking. 

Illustration of a female from Birds of the World.

Illustration of a male from Birds of the World.

Range from Birds of the World. Note that it only has a small range in the U.S., in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. It is also found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. 

This is a favorite.